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Kristallnacht 1938-1939 November 7, 1938 - Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old whose parents were refugees in Zbaszyn, protests by shooting Ernst vom Rath, an official at the German embassy in Paris. November 9, 1938 - The Nazis, using the assisination of German official as an excuse, organize Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). Anti-Jewish attacks across Germany and Austria murder 91 Jews, desecrate 1,400 synagogues and destroy shops. November 12, 1938 - Decrees force Jews to pay one billion marks for damage planned and done by Nazis on Kristallnacht, order Jewish firms to close, and expel Jewish schoolchildren. July 4, 1939 - The Nazi government replaces the independent Central Organization of German Jews with a new association supervised and controlled by the Gestapo.  |
