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JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES
A religious sect, originating in the United States, organized by Charles Taze Russell. The Witnesses base their beliefs on the Bible and have no official ministers. Recognizing only the kingdom of God, the Witnesses refuse to salute the flag, to bear arms in war, and to participate in the affairs of government. This doctrine brought them into conflict with National Socialism. They were considered enemies of the state and were relentlessly persecuted.
JEWISH BADGE
A distinctive sign which Jews were compelled to wear in Nazi Germany and in Nazi-occupied countries. It often took the form of a yellow star of David.
JUDENRAT (PLURAL: JUDENRATE)
Council of Jewish representatives in communities and ghettos set up by the Nazis to carry out their instructions.
JUDENREIN
"Cleansed of Jews", denoting areas where all Jews had been either murdered or deported.
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